1.1 Background and Motivation

The rapid growth of the internet and the proliferation of connected devices have placed enormous demands on computer networks. As a result, network bottlenecks have become a pervasive issue that can severely impact the performance and user experience of various digital services. Network bottlenecks can arise from multiple factors, such as insufficient bandwidth, network congestion, poor configuration, and hardware limitations. Identifying these factors and understanding their impact on network performance is crucial for designing effective solutions to mitigate bottlenecks and improve overall network efficiency.